Is nature or nurture more important to a child’s development? The author analyzes 16 different factors that could play a role, using data on over 20,000 students from the Early Child Longitudinal Study. Wade on crime statistics shows up in the mid-1990s, when such children would have been entering their twenties. Unwanted children have a high probability of becoming adult criminals. Wade case that legalized abortion in the United States, many women in poor communities terminated pregnancies that would otherwise have been unwanted children born into a life of poverty. Instead, the author concludes that the primary reasons for the drop in crime were an increased incarceration rate, more police officers, and the legalization of abortion.Īfter the 1973 Roe v. However, none of these hypotheses can be proven with the data. The author looks at eight hypotheses that might explain the marked drop in crime in America in the 1990s, such as new policing strategies, new gun-control laws, and the role of capital punishment. Levitt calls this a “winner-take-all” labor market. However, the foot soldiers were willing to take this risk in the hope that they, too, might one day become rich and powerful. His ‘employees,’ the foot soldiers who risked their lives selling on the streets, made very little. The top boss, a dealer named J.T., made over $100,000 a year. Rather, the gangs are a lot like corporations such as McDonald’s, with a strict hierarchy and close control of the distribution of profits. Contrary to popular belief, not everyone gets rich from selling drugs.
#Streets of rogue alter crack
The author examines the history of the crack epidemic in the United States using the example of one gang, the Black Gangster Disciple Nation, explaining its hierarchy and how profits are distributed. They may hint that there is a problem in the market, to get owners to sell faster or, they may use coded language in a listing to pass along information to other agents.
#Streets of rogue alter code
They know a great deal about the housing market and also use code words to communicate with each other. Real estate agents profit from information asymmetry. This helped to turn mystery into ridicule and KKK membership dropped dramatically. In the 1940s a journalist called Stetson Kennedy infiltrated the group and revealed its secrets on a popular radio program. The group used information asymmetry such as passwords and secret handshakes to maintain an image of mystery and fear. For over a century the KKK had been a powerful proponent of racist ideology. The book explores this concept by looking at the Ku Klux Klan and at modern real estate agents. However, in the tight-knit sumo community, where the stakes for winning or losing are high, there are also strong moral and social incentives for the higher-ranked wrestlers to assist those at risk of falling back in the rankings.Ī situation where one person or group has more information than another is a case of information asymmetry.
The author theorizes that economic incentives could be involved, as higher-ranked wrestlers are bribed to throw a fight in favor of a competitor who would otherwise not advance. Studies have found that, in a 15-round tournament, an unusually high number of wrestlers with a 7-7 record go on to win in their final bout, enabling them to advance. Rankings are determined by the number of wins at bimonthly tournaments. In the world of sumo wrestling, an individual wrestler’s ranking determines every aspect of his life. Teachers have an obvious economic incentive to cheat on the test results, and in some years as many as five percent of them do so. In Chicago’s public schools the results from annual standardized tests determine teacher pay and promotions, as well as the outlook for the whole school. The author looks at examples of cheating to understand how incentives work. He concludes that many schemes combine different types of incentive to influence behavior. Moral: doing something because of your sense of right and wrong Social: doing something to affect how others perceive you Humans often make decisions based on incentives, which are “a means of urging people to do more of a good thing or less of a bad thing.” The author describes three kinds of incentives:Įconomic: doing something to increase your wealth
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